Tibial periostitis is an inflammation of the vascularized membrane (periosteum) that covers the tibia, nourishing and sensitizing it. Tibial periostitis or “shin pain” is a very common injury in runners, athletes and dancers.
Tibial periostitis appears due to overload or repetitive stress on the tibia and the connective tissues that attach the bone to the muscles. It usually appears if you run on hard surfaces, changes in terrain, if you have flat feet, cavus feet, if you are a beginner runner or if your training becomes tougher. It can also occur if there are biomechanical gait problems, if inappropriate sports shoes are used, or if military training is followed.
The main symptom or sign of tibial periostitis is pain in the shins; on the front or back of the tibia. It can be felt on palpation. The pain appears gradually. Burning is felt and it does not go away when you reduce the intensity or stop. It can lead to a stress fracture.
A physical examination, description of symptoms and clinical history are usually sufficient for diagnosis, but it can be confirmed with an x-ray or other imaging tests to identify other possible causes of pain, such as a stress fracture.
Treatment usually consists of relative rest, since physical activity should not be stopped completely, but situations that cause pain, inflammation or discomfort should be avoided. Low-impact exercises such as swimming or cycling are recommended. To alleviate the pain, it is recommended to apply cold on a towel placed on the affected area for a maximum of 20 minutes between four and eight times a day for several days.
Analgesics such as paracetamol will also be prescribed to relieve pain.
One means of preventing tibial periostitis is a biomechanical study that analyzes the footprint. Furthermore, it is advisable not to overload the area; choose the right footwear; use insoles that absorb impact; foot arch supports and perform strength training to strengthen and stabilize legs, ankles, hips and core leg muscles.