Leukopenia is a disease and blood disorder caused by the low production of leukocytes or white blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes), which are generated in the bone marrow, those responsible for fighting viruses, germs and bacteria in the blood system. A low count of leukocytes or white blood cells weakens our immune system and, with this, we are exposed to problems with infections and bacteria.
The correct values ??of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes) in the blood are, in adults, between 4,500 and 11,000 units per cubic millimeter of blood.
The figure may increase when it comes to children. In mild leukopenia the level of white blood cells is less than 3,500 units per cubic millimeter of blood.
– Neutropenia. When the count of neutrophils, the white blood cells that fight infections caused by fungi and bacteria, is less than 1,000 or 1,500 per cubic millimeter of blood. If there are less than 500 neutrophils per cubic millimeter of blood, it is severe neutropenia.
– Lymphocytopenia. If the count of lymphocytes, which protect against viral infections, is less than 1,000 per cubic millimeter of blood.
– Monocytopenia. When the count of monocytes, which help eliminate damaged tissues and regulate the body’s immune response, is less than 150 per cubic millimeter of blood.
– Eosinopenia. If eosinophils, white blood cells that fight disease, are less than 50 per cubic millimeter of blood.
– Basopenia. A decrease in the number of basophils, less than 20 per cubic millimeter of blood, may be the result of allergic reactions or infections.
The development of leukopenia is usually due to:
– Consumption of different drugs.
– Problems with the bone marrow or diseases that attack it such as Kostmann syndrome or congenital severe neutropenia.
– Diseases and disorders of the immune system such as lupus.
– Infectious diseases
– Liver or spleen failure.
– Food lacking proteins, vitamins and minerals.
– Cancer treatments.
– Performing different treatments on the body such as x-rays.
If it is mild leukopenia, it is important to take the correct measures to avoid other complications.
The lower the number of leukocytes in the blood, the defenses weaken and the signs can be:
– General discomfort.
– Weakness.
– Vertigo.
– Migraines.
– Some bacterial infections and appearance of allergies.
– Humor changes.
– Fever and diarrhea.
– Extreme tiredness and fatigue.
– Anemia.
– Thrombocytopenia.
– Inflammation of the nodes.
Only a complete blood count is necessary to know the levels of white blood cells in the circulating blood. It is recommended to perform blood tests after fasting for more than 8 hours. In addition, it is important to detail to the doctor the history of illnesses and the treatments and supplements that have been consumed in recent months.
A biopsy, a tissue sample, of lymph nodes can also be performed to detect possible abnormalities.
Treatment for leukopenia may vary depending on the underlying pathology and its severity. In some cases, steroids and vitamin supplements, especially vitamin B, can be administered to stimulate the functioning of the bone marrow and promote the production of blood cells. However, the general practitioner can refer the case to a hematology specialist if he or she has suspicions about the causes of leukopenia.
Healthy habits are the best prevention measure against leukopenia. It is about stimulating our body and, therefore, our metabolism with:
– Frequent physical activity.
– Healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and water.
– Avoiding injuries and risks of infections.
– Taking care of personal hygiene, especially of the mouth and mucosal areas.
– Restful sleep of at least 7 hours a day.
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