On a scorching summer day in July 1919, a group of Black children found themselves in the midst of a tragic event that led to major consequences. Drifting into a part of Lake Michigan near a predominantly white beach, these children were unaware of the racial tensions that existed. As they continued to play, violence erupted when young white beachgoers threw stones at them. Tragically, 17-year-old Eugene Williams was struck by a stone and drowned in the lake. Despite efforts to alert the police, no action was taken, and fighting ensued among those gathered at the beach.
The violence quickly spread to Black communities as groups of young white people incited terror. In response, residents of Bronzeville, known as Chicago’s Black Belt, banded together to protect themselves. This event marked the beginning of the Red Summer, a period of racial unrest characterized by similar incidents across the United States. The language used to describe these events, such as riot, uprising, or rebellion, holds significant weight and can shape historical narratives.
According to Peter Cole, founder of the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 Commemoration Project, the term “race riot” historically referred to mobs of white people attacking Black individuals. The choice of words to describe these events is subjective and can be influenced by the perspectives of those recording history. Heather Ann Thompson, a historian, highlights the importance of understanding the context in which these terms are used. For some, events like Bloody Sunday or the Greensboro sit-in are seen as uprisings against oppression, while others view them as destabilizing acts threatening the system.
In modern times, discussions on race, violence, and resistance continue to be relevant. Protests in response to police violence or government policies are often labeled as violent, yet they are responses to systemic injustices. Language is crucial in accurately describing these events, as it can shape public perception and historical narratives. The distinctions between uprising, rebellion, riot, and protest are nuanced and reflect the motivations and consequences of these actions.
The 1919 Race Riot in Chicago had lasting effects on the city’s segregation and public life. The historical context of these events influences the present-day experiences of individuals living in Chicago. The legacy of racial segregation continues to impact the city, shaping neighborhoods and public policies. Understanding the language used to describe past events is essential in recognizing their long-term implications on society. The 1919 Race Riot remains a pivotal moment in Chicago’s history, shaping the city we know today.